General Economy

Gross domestic product (GDP)

GDP for 2005 was 1.05 trillion yuan, up 14.1% from the previous year. The per capita GDP stood at 11,236 yuan.

GDP ratio (primary, secondary and tertiary industries)

The primary industry yielded a value added of 184.304 billion yuan, 7.5% more than that of the previous year; the secondary industry, 553.933 billion yuan, a growth of 17.6%; the tertiary industry, 315.283 billion yuan, a growth of 12.6%. The proportion of the three sectors is 17.5: 52.6: 29.9.

Revenue and expenditure

Provincial revenue was 53.75 billion yuan, an increase of 30.9% over the previous year. Provincial expenditure was 111.55 billion yuan, an increase of 26.8%.

Consumer price index (CPI)

CPI was up 2.1% from the previous year.

Investment in fixed assets

Fixed asset investment was valued at 437.869 billion yuan, up by 41.3% from the previous year.

Major Industries

Agriculture

In 2005, the province's total grain output was 45.82 million tons, an increase of 7.6% from the previous year.

Industry

The industrial added value totaled 492.3 billion yuan, an increase of 18.7%.

High-tech

The total added value from high-tech industries was 10.671 billion yuan, an increase of 16.4% from the 2004 figure.

Construction

Its added value was 61.633 billion yuan, up by 9.4%.

Transportation

Freight carried by various means of transport during the year amounted to a total of 228.226 billion ton-kilometers, 14.8% up from the previous year.

Passengers carried by various means of transport numbered 100.069 billion person-kilometers during the year, up 9.5% from the year before.

Postal and telecommunication services

The annual turnover of postal and telecommunication operations totaled 56.177 billion yuan, 27.0% up from the previous year. Of this figure, 3.181 billion yuan were from the postal sector, up 12.5%, and 52.996 billion yuan were from the telecom sector, up 28.0%.

At the end of 2005, the number of fixed line subscribers reached 18.64 million, an increase of 2.49 million from the 2004 figure; and the number of mobile phone subscribers reached 18.15 million, an increase of 4.24 million. The Internet users numbered 2.75 million, an increase of 30,000.

Retail

The annual turnover from retail sales reached 335.843 billion yuan, an increase of 14.3% from the previous year.

Tourism

Revenue from tourism totaled 80.02 billion yuan, 26.4% up from 2004 figure.

Continued Effects of Market Reform

Imports & exports

The annual value of imports and exports totaled US$7.736 billion, an increase of 17.0% from the previous year. Of this figure, US$5.101 billion was from exports, up 22.1%, and US$2.635 billion was from imports, up 8.1%.

Economic and technological cooperation

Overseas project and labor contracts signed during the year were valued at US$629 million, up 24.0% from the previous year. Business turnover for the year totaled US$499 million, an increase of 84.2% from the previous year.

Foreign investment

Foreign direct investment realized in monetary terms was US$1.23 billion, up by 40.7% from the year before.

Urban Construction and Management

Road transport

The year saw the completion of 293 km of new railways and 3,787 km of new highways.

Social Undertakings

Science and technology

At the end of 2005, there were 1,450 research and development institutions staffed with 142,000 professionals and technicians in the province. The R&D input for the year stood at 5.24 billion yuan.

Education

There were 83 institutions of higher learning in the province. About 17.02% of high school graduates had access to university education.

Culture

The province had a total of 198 professional performing organizations, 191 cultural and arts centers, 136 public libraries, and 76 museums at the end of the year. About 96.36% and 96.16% of the provincial population respectively had access to radio and TV programs. The number of cable TV program subscribers totaled 4.76 million.

Public health

There were a total of 14,536 medical and healthcare institutions equipped with 212,000 beds and staffed with 287,000 medical professionals and technicians at the year-end. The centers for diseases control and prevention numbered 184, staffed with 14,000 professionals and technicians.

Sports

The province successfully hosted the 9th national game for middle school students and the Third Jiaozuo International Taiji Boxing Compeition in 2005. A total of 11 sports clubs for teenagers were established across the province during the year.

Welfare and aid

Various welfare units across the province were equipped with 62,600 beds and put up 46,300 homeless and vagrant people during the year. There were 3,448 urban community service facilities at the end of the year. The funds raised through selling welfare lottery totaled 550 million yuan in 2004. Public donations totaled 29.957 million yuan.

Population, Employment, Social Security and Living Standards

Population

The year 2005 saw births of 1.12 million, or a birth rate of 11.55‰, and deaths of 610,000, or a mortality rate of 6.30‰. The natural growth rate of the population stood at 5.25‰. At the end of the year, the total population stood at 97.68 million.

Employment

The employed population stood at 56.535 million at the end of 2005, an increase of 661,000 from the previous year end.

Registered unemployment rate

The registered urban unemployment rate was 3.45%.

Social security

At the end of 2005, insurance plans for endowments, unemployment and medical treatment covered a population of 8.14 million, 6.82 million and 6.41 million respectively. About 1.39 million urban residents received minimum living allowance from the government, totaling 953 million yuan. Such a basic living guarantee system was implemented on a trial basis in rural areas with 488,000 peasants having benefited from it.

Residents' income

The disposable income of urban residents was 8,668 yuan per capita, up by 10.2% from 2004. Rural residents' per capita net income was 2,871 yuan, a growth of 7.5% from the previous year.

Residents' consumption

Urban residents' per capita expenditure was 6,038 yuan, up by 11.7% from the previous year while that of rural residents was 1,892 yuan, up by 10.9%.

Geography and Natural Conditions

Elevation extremes

Henan Province is in the transitional area between the second and third steps of China's four-step terrain rising from east to west, with rolling mountains over 1,000 meters above sea level in its western part and plain area of 100 meters or lower in its east. Laoyacha in Lingbao City, 2413.8 meters above sea level, is the highest peak in Henan. The province's lowest point, 23.2 meters, is found at the place where the Huaihe River leaves the province.

High in the west and low in the east, even in the north and concave in the south, Henan is surrounded by four mountain ranges, the Taihang, Funiu, Tongbai and Dabie, which stand in its north, west and south, leaving subsidence basins here and there. In its middle and eastern parts there is a vast fluvial plain created by the Yellow, Huaihe and Haihe rivers. Mountainous regions comprise 44.3% of its total area, and the plains, 55.7%. Four rivers run across Henan, the Yellow River, Huaihe River, Weihe River and Hanshui River, with the Huaihe River valley covering up 53% of the province.

Climate

Located between the northern sub-tropical zone and warm temperate zone, Henan has distinctive four seasons with complicated weather conditions characterized with a hot and rainy summer. Southern Henan is in the northern sub-tropical zone. The province's average temperature of the year is 13~15℃; the average annual rainfall is 807 mm; and its frost-free period lasts 308~275 days.

Natural resources

In 2005, Henan had water reserves of 40.6 billion cubic meters, about 410 cubic meters per capita. The average annual precipitation stood at 797.7 mm. The key water-conservative project at Xiaolangdi on the Yellow River, built with a loan from the World Bank, has a total installed capacity of 1.8 million kw.

Of the more than 150 kinds of minerals found on earth, 126 are available in Henan, of which, the reserves of 74 kinds have been made clear; 61 kinds have been mined and utilized.

With considerable reserves of petroleum and natural gas, Henan possesses Zhongyuan Oil Fields and Henan Oil Fields. It is the 5th largest petroleum and natural gas producer in China.

Henan has 197 families and 3,830 species of higher plants, and 418 kinds of animals. It's an important producer of the country's wheat, corn, cotton, tobacco leaves and oil plants.

A total of 32 nature reserves have been established in the province, covering a total area of 748,400 hectares.

Tourism resources

As one of the major birthplaces of the Chinese civilization, Henan has several epoch-making archeological discoveries, including the Peiligang Culture Site dating back 7,000 years, Yanshao Culture Site of some 6,000 years ago, and Dahe Culture Site of more than 5,000 years ago. In ancient China, more than 20 dynasties established their capitals in Henan. Three of China's seven great ancient capitals are located in Henan: Anyang of the Shang Dynasty, Luoyang of nine dynasties and Kaifeng of seven dynasties. Three of ancient China's four great inventions, the compass, paper-making and gunpowder, were made in Henan. The province numbers first in the whole country in terms of underground cultural relics, and the second in existing cultural relics on the ground. The Yellow River, with numerous ancient relics and scenic attractions, also provides a rich tourist resource to Henan.